Elementele structurale ale mitocondriei sunt: membrane externa,
compartimentul intermembranar, membrana interna si compartimentul mitocondrial
intern (matrice).
Mitocondria este responsabila de generarea de energiei
Fiecare component joaca un rol important in organit, prin
functiile pe care le indeplineste.
Mitocontriile sunt organite celulare
Creatina este metabolizata in Creatina Fosfat, ingredientul esential care converteste
Adenozin-difosfat ADP in adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) prin enzimele localizate
pe cristele mitocondriale.
Disfunctia mitocondriala
3 Melatonina previne disfunctia mitocondriala cerebrala via
protectiei de cardiolipina
4 Melatonina cu efect de protectie la disfunctia mitocondriala
asociat cu cardioprotectia din ischemia
- reperfuzia, rolul de cardiolipina
Mitocondrii exista in toate celulele, produc energia utilizata
de organism
Mitocondria este numit si uzina energetica a materiei vii,
activeaza producerea de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP)
Mitocondria cu producerea de energie este o necesitate absoluta
pentru rezistenta fizica, energie, si viata insasi.
Cea mai mica scadere a productiei de energie mitocondriala,
poate duce la slabiciune, oboseala si dificultati cognitive
Mitochondria uzina energetica a materiei vii
1. Intermediari adecvati al: Ciclul acidului citric si Beta
oxidaza
3. Lantul respirator (lant transportor de electroni) cu enzimele
mitocondriale: Complex I-IV
4. Complex V - ATP sintaza (ATP synthase)
Producerea de energie mitocondriala prin doua procese
metabolice:
- Ciclul acidului citric (Krebs cicle) (Fig. 2) converteste
glucidele si acizii grasi in Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP)
) care este
principala sursa de energie celulara.
- Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) combina hidrogenul cu oxigenul
pentru a genera sume mai mari de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP)
, Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) genereaza de 10 ori mai mult ATP de
cit ciclul acidului citric, fosforilatia oxidativa este o energie primara
pentru toate organismele aerobe
- Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) mitocondriala prevede folosirea
de 80% de
Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in celule.
5 Controlul lantului respirator (lant transportor de electroni)
si sinteza de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) la celule mitocondriale
- Fosforilarea oxidativa functioneaza prin lantul
respirator (lant transportor de electroni) un lant cu cinci complexe proteice
(I-V) in membrana interioara din mitochondria
Peretii mitocondriali sunt formati dintr-o membrana
externa si interna (Fig. 3)
Primele patru complexe apartin lantului respirator (lantul
transportor de electroni). Ultimul complex proteic se mai numeste si ATP
sintaza si este
localizat transmembranar.
Aceste complexe au un rol important in functionarea
unui proces important, numit fosforilarea oxidativa.
Enzimele mitocondriale
- Complex I - NADH dehidrogenaza (NADH dehydrogenase)
- Complex II - Succinat dehidrogenaza (succinate dehydrogenase)
- Complex III - Citocrom C reductaza (cytochrome-c
reductase) are in alcatuirea sa un singur polipeptid mitocondrial (citocromul
b)
- Complex IV - Citocrom C oxidaza (cytochrome-c oxidase)
- Citocromoxidaza
- Complex V - ATP sintaza (ATP synthase)
Fosforilarea oxidativa (Fig. 4) converteste Adenozina-difosfat
(ADP) in Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) care apoi poate fi transportata la locul
necesar.
Deficitul balantei energetice in relatie cu fosforilarea
oxidativa (OXPHOS), boli mitocondriale la varstnici
6 Lantul respirator mitocondrial la celulele hepatice
descreste la varstnici
7 Deficienta de Coenzima Q10 in mitocondria
8 Coenzima Q10 si activitatea Complexului II - Succinat dehidrogenaza
9 Coenzima Q10 interactioneaza cu Complex I - NADH dehidrogenaza,
Complexul II - Succinat
dehidrogenaza si Complex III - Citocrom C reductaza (cytochrome-c reductase)
are in alcatuirea sa un singur polipeptid
mitocondrial (citocromul b)
10 Eficienta mitocondriala, productia de energie, functia scade
si activitatea
lantului respirator scade cu varsta la celulele muschiului scheletal de inima
si ficat
11 Complex IV - Citocrom C oxidaza la cardiomiocitele umane
ale inimii este un fenomen al varstei, studiu
12 Complex IV - Citocrom C oxidaza cu fibre musculare deficiente
la celula musculare este un fenomen de alteratie al varstei
13 Pierderea progresiva a Complexului IV - Citocrom C oxidaza
la celulele musculare oculare la
varstnici, studiu
- Eficienta mitocondriala, productia de energie si
functia scade cu varsta (Fig. 4) se acumuleaza dovezi ca disfunctia mitocondriala
sta la
baza multor boli legate de varsta inclusiv Parkinson, Alzheimer, boli cardiace,
sindrom de oboseala cronica (CFS)
- Schimbarile care au loc in
mitochondria include:
14 Disfunctia mitocondriala si deteriorarea
mitocondriala ADN-ului de radicalii liberi la varstnici
- Scaderea eficientei cilului krebs datorita modificari
ca raspuns la cererile de energie pe termen lung,
Disfunctia mitocondriala
15 Mitocondria musculara sa schimba la varstnici
Mitocondria la adultii tineri sanatosi raspunde diferit la
cerinta de energie decit cei mai in varsta
Mitocondria la adultii tineri sanatosi se adapteaza
si creste rapid cerintele de energie
Ca rezultat mitocondrii multiple produc mai mult Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) pentru
energie
Cu inaintarea varstei se reduce numarul de mitocondrii
pentru a produce energie
Diminuarea numarului de mitocondrii in la varstnici
Scaderea activitatii citocrom-c oxidaza
16 Modificarea lantului respirator mitocondrial la varstnici
17 Mitocondriala se schimba cu varsta aspecte moleculare si
implicatii fizio patologice
ADN-ul Mitocondrial este expus lezarilor oxidative
18 Fosforilarea oxidativa declina la varstnici
- Medicina mitocondriala
Efectul radicalilor liberi asupra structurii membranelor mitocondriale
19 Mutatia ADN-ului mitocondrial contribuie
la imbatranire si boli degenerative
22 Rolul structurii Membranei mitocondriale si functia celulara
la varstnici, reviu
23 Teoria radicalilor liberi
in procesul imbatranirii mitocondriale
24 Mitocondria decade in procesul imbatranirii datorita leziunilor
oxidative
25 Citopatie mitocondriala la adulti: Ce stim de aceasta boala:
- Miopatiile mitocondriale sunt date de o anomalie
a productiei de energie prin intermediul mitocondrilor.
Sa indentificat ca: Disfunctia mitocondriala fiind principala
cauza legata de varsta in declinul bioenergetic
Medicii, oamenii de stiinta au: Selectat sinergic bioenergetice
si aprobat de experti farmacologici care sa diminueze sau restaura complet
multe aspecte ale functiei mitocondriale
Selectat sinergic bioenergetice si aprobat de experti
farmacologici
- Combinatii de astfel de Suplimente nutritive care actioneaza
pe mai multe obiective poate normaliza functia mitocondriala, creste pruductia
de energie adenozintrifosfat ATP
26Acetil L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoic un: Elixir al tineretii prin reducerea
de stres oxidativ si a oxidarii ADN/ARN se incetineste procesul de inbatrinire
la mitocondria care este uzina energetica de ATP
Acetil L-Carnitina reface nivelul de cardiolipina in membrana mitocondriala
27Acetil
L-Carnitina are capacitatea de a creste metabolismul energetic
si ajuta la refacerea functiei mitocondriale
28 Acetil
L-Carnitina amelioreaza reducera funtiei mitocondriale la
varstnici
Carnitina
acetiltransferaza are afinitate si activitate in cerebral prin Acetil L-Carnitina
(ALC) + Acid Alfa Lipoic (AAL) efect Anti Aging
Acetil
L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoi un: Elixir al tineretii
29Acid Alfa Lipoic cofactor
in producerea de energie in organizm, mitocondria uzina energetica decade
pe masura inbatrinirii, adausul de Acetil L-Carnitina si Acidul Alfa Lipoic
reduce stresul oxidativ si prelungeste tineretea, intirzie inbatrinirea
Anti-Aging
Acid Alfa Lipoic ajuta la producerea de energie Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in organism prin oxidatia
acidului piruvic si alfa-cetoglutaric in mitocondria - Acid dihidro lipoic
(ADHL)
Acid
Alfa Lipoic ajuta la producerea de energie Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in: Mitocondria uzina energetica
a materiei vii, care decade cu varsta
30Acid Alfa Lipoic creste functia mitocondriala, creste
rata metabolica si scade leziunile oxidative de radicalii liberi
Acid Alfa Lipoic creste activitatea ambulatorie in calatorie
31Concentratia serica de Carnitina in muschiul scheletal
depinde de varsta si gen
32L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoic cu eficacitate in ameliorarea
declinului enzimelor mitocondriale in timpul inaintarii in varsta
33L-Carnitina creste enzimele mitocondriele la muschiul scheletal
al inimii
34 L-Carnitina cu rol la muschiul scheletal
al inimii al varstnicilor se descreste activitatea in lantul
respirator (lant transportor de electroni)
35L-Carnitina cu rol la cardiomiopatia in copilarie indusa
de disfunctia mitocondriala
36 L-Carnitina creste energia si vitalitatea organismului,
are efect la metabolismul acizilor grasi prin transportul acizilor grasi
catre mitocondrii unde este transformata in energie ATP, participa la reducerea
lipidica hepatica si cresterea musculara cu reducerea greutatii corporale
L-Carnitina creste energia prin oxidarea moleculelor de acizi
grasi, la nivelul mitocondriilor
38Coenzima
Q10cu activitate in mitocondrii: Mitocondria uzina energetica
a materiei vii, activeaza producerea de adenozintrifosfat (ATP)
39Functia de Coenzima Q10 in mitocondria
40Coenzima Q10 un update a functiei biochimice in mitocondria
41 Coenzima Q10 este omologul - Corespondentul la
NADH Nicotinamida Adenin Dinucleotida restaureaza activitatea
de NADH oxidaza a Complexului I
42 Coenzima Q10 cu valoare terapeutica mitocondriala indicat
la tulburari bioenergetice
43 Coenzima Q10 un bioenergizant mitocondrial la mitocondria
varstnicilor
44 Corelatia clinica si biochimica in miopatia mitocondriala
tratata cu Coenzima Q10
45 Monitorizarea clinica in folosirea de Coenzima Q10 ca neurologic si la bolile
musculare
46 Varsta, mitocondria si Coenzima Q10 o relatie neglijata
47 Coenzima Q10 imbunatateste metabolismul de piruvat deficitar
si conductia de cardiac defect la sindromul Kearns-Sayre
48 Idebenone este un nootropic face parte din suplimentele
nutritive Anti-Aging, este omologul - Corespondentul la Coenzima Q10
49N-Acetilcisteina la fosforilarea oxidativa in declin la
mitocondria, a muschiului pulmonar
50 N-Acetilcisteina
cu potetial terapeutic, dependent de varsta la mitocondriale, a bolilor
deurodegenerative
51 N-Acetilcisteina cu efect de protectie la TNF alpha (tumor
necrosis factor-alpha) care induce apoptoza la celulele U937: Rolul mitocondriei
52 N-Acetilcisteina cu protectie la declinul de fosforilarea
oxidativa in mitocondria hepatica la varstnici
53 Tiamina (Vitamina B1) din MultiVitamineMinerale creste nivelul plasmatic de
lactat si piruvat se
foleseste in doza larga la pacienti cu sindrom Kearns-Sayre
- Tiamina (Vitamina B1) stimuleaza NADH care mareste fosforilarea
oxidativa la Complex I - 100 mg de 3x/zi la Oftalmoplegia cronica
progresiva sau boala Graefe
54 Rboflavina (Vitamina B2) cu succes in deficienta de
NADH-CoQ reductaza la miopatie
Riboflavina (Vitamin B2) este un cofactor la Complex I si II
la doza de 100 mg/zi creste capacitatea de exercitiu la pacienti cu miopatie
mitocondriala indus de disfunctia Complexului I
55 Coenzyma Q10 si Niacinamida (Vitamina B3) din MultiVitamine energizant
pentru mitocondria la varstnici si cu prelungirea vieti de 15% - Longevitate
56Ulei de Peste - Omega-3 creste cardiolipina in
membrana mitocondriala, previne descresterea de cardiolipina, cardioprotector
si creste nivelul de Fosfatidilcolina previne
57Ginkgo
Biloba cu protectie de stresul oxidativ la ADN-ul mitocondrial
58 Ginkgo Biloba previne schimbarea morfologica mitocondriala
hepatica si cerebrala
59 Suplimente nutritive ca Acid Alfa Lipoic, L-Carnitina,
Creatina sint implicate in numeroase aplicatii terapeutice si postulate
ca: Energizante Bio (bio-energy
supplement)
- Postulat: Teza teoretica generala care este recunoscuta ca
justa fara demonstratie
Administrare recomandata de: United Mitochondrial Disease
Foundation
Bibliografie-Referinte: Antioxidant Antioxidanti
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